Separation of Powers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Separation of Powers - Essay Example As the report declares in the United States, the aspect of separation of powers is clearly stated in the US Constitution. The President, Congress and the Supreme Court are separate and distinct entities. The same is not the case in the United Kingdom, where the Prime Minister is also a Member of Parliament as are all other members of the Cabinet. Similarly, the Lord Chancellor and the Law Lords are members of the Executive and Legislature respectively, while also forming part of the Judiciary. This duality results in a situation where the Executive is in de-facto control of the Legislature, as also enjoying the sympathy of the Judiciary. This dicsussion explores that various Home Secretaries have taken judicial decisions from time to time on grounds of national security, whether during war time or in otherwise tenuous situations like the ongoing global war on terrorism. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 seeks to redress some of these grey areas though there are many who have, â€Å"defended the current system on the grounds that it discourage judges from making law by judicial rather than legislative means†. Inherent in this argument is the underlying fear that the Judiciary will not allow itself to be led by the nose by an Executive, trying to concentrate power in its hands. One of the concepts on the basis of which the principle of separation of powers functions is that of ‘deference’, which characterise the relationship of the Judiciary towards the Executive and Legislature.

Biography of Audrey Hepburn Essay Example for Free

Biography of Audrey Hepburn Essay Although her film career came to an end in the late 1980’s, Audrey Hepburn is considered to be one of the most long-lasting on-screen icons of all time. During her 41 year acting career, Hepburn won several awards including an Academy Award for Best Actress in 1953, and was ranked third on the American Film Institutes list, â€Å"50 Greatest Screen Legends† (Jackson). In addition, Hepburn has been widely acknowledged as a timeless beauty and fashion icon. Several years after her death, her image continues to be used in advertising campaigns. Most recently, a clip of Hepburn dancing from the film â€Å"Funny Face† was used in a 2006 Gap commercial to advertise the company’s black pant (Msnbc). However, it is undeniably the actress’s later work with UNICEF, the United Nations Children’s Fund, that has had the greatest impact on society. Audrey Hepburn was born in Brussels, Belgium on May 4, 1929. Although she experienced great success later in her life, Hepburn faced much adversity as a child growing up in Europe during World War II. In 1939, four years after her father’s abandonment, Hepburn, her mother, and her two half-brothers moved to the Netherlands as the threat of a Nazi attack continued to increase (Pettinger). However, one year later, Germany gained control of the country and the living conditions of its people began to deteriorate rapidly. During the Dutch Famine of 1944, in which much of the country’s food and fuel was confiscated by the Germans, Hepburn, along with many other people, suffered from severe malnutrition and faced starvation. Hepburn and many others resorted to making flour out of tulip bulbs to bake cakes and biscuits† (Wikipedia). Adding to her suffering, Hepburn witnessed the brutality of the Nazi’s first-hand on several occasions. Most traumatic was the shooting of her uncle and cousin for their participation in the Resistance of the Nazi party. She also witnessed the murders of several strangers by the Nazi’s, as well as the collection of Jews for c oncentration camps. She later stated, â€Å"I have memories. More than once I was at the station seeing trainloads of Jews being transported, seeing all these faces over the top of the wagon† (Wikipedia). These memories remained with her for the rest of her life. Despite the hardships that Hepburn and her family faced, she was still able to attend school at the Arnhem Conservatory, and soon became a talented ballerina. She continued her ballet lessons after the war ended in 1945; however, with her family still struggling financially, Hepburn soon decided to pursue a career in acting. She explained, I needed the money; it paid ? 3 more than ballet jobs (Nichols). Her acting career began in 1948 with a small role in the European educational film â€Å"Dutch in Seven Lessons. † She continued to play minor roles in several other films and motion pictures, and in 1951, the actress moved to New York to star in the successful Broadway play â€Å"Gigi† (Biography. com). â€Å"Roman Holiday† was Hepburn’s first starring role outside of Broadway. The role made Hepburn an almost instant celebrity and landed her on the cover of TIME magazine in 1953. In addition, she received both a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Actress and an Academy Award for her role in the film (Wikipedia). Throughout her five years of service with UNICEF, Hepburn traveled to several countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. While in these countries, it was her responsibility to attract attention to the serious issues facing them. During her trip to Ethiopia, Hepburn stated, â€Å"Im glad Ive got a name, because Im using it for what its worth. Its like a bonus that my career has given me† (Sally Clara). Hepburn participated in numerous press conferences in the United States and other wealthy nations, reporting on her experiences in the third-world countries to create awareness about the dire situations facing each. In addition to acting as a spokesperson, Hepburn also worked in the field, delivering food, immunizations, medicine, and emotional support to the children in need. During her short career with UNICEF, Hepburn made over fifty field visits to countries including Sudan, Ecuador, Honduras, and Thailand. In 1991, President George Bush presented the actress with Presidential Medal of Freedom, the â€Å"highest honor any individual can receive in the United States,† in return for her work with UNICEF (Sally Clara). Shortly after receiving the award, Hepburn died of colon cancer at the age of sixty-three. However, her work with UNICEF lives on through the Audrey Hepburn Memorial Children’s Fund, the organization created by her sons, Sean Ferrer and Luca Dotti in 1994 to continue their mother’s humanitarian efforts (Sally Clara). As of 2006, â€Å"The Audrey Hepburn Memorial Fund at UNICEF has raised over $1 million dollars for educational programs in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Sudan and Somalia† (Audrey Hepburn Children’s Fund). It is undeniable that Audrey Hepburn made her mark in U. S. history through her work as an actress during the 1950’s and 1960’s. Despite her humble beginnings, Hepburn managed to become one of America’s most beloved actresses and fashion icons of the twentieth century. However, it was her humble beginnings that eventually led her to leave her acting career and devote her life to bringing aid to children in need. Although she will always be adored for her work on Broadway and in cinema, it is her humanitarian work with UNICEF that has left the most significant impact on the world.

Reflection On The Management Of Care

Reflection On The Management Of Care This essay will present a reflective journal describing the different care requirements of patients from three different client groups undergoing surgery. I will describe the care of one of the client groups and subsequently compare and contrast the differences in their needs. This reflection will explore the strategies and skills for management used in the delivery of care to these individuals and demonstrate the team-working skills necessary for an effective working relationship in the clinical setting. I will show an appreciation and understanding of how to identify measures to protect and support wounds to provide optimum conditions for healing associated with current evidence-based practice. The modified version of Driscolls (2000) reflective framework will be used. The descriptive part of the journal can be found in Appendix1.These three client group will include the following: baby George 1 year old child., Helen 35 year old female and Damian 70 year old male. All names of the three clients groups mentioned are anonymous to maintain patient confidentiality (HPC, 2008) SO WHAT During the process of care to the above client groups I shared the teams desire to realise the best possible outcome for all of the patients. Interdisciplinary patient care requires common values, a common vision, and an understanding of teamwork with the ultimate goal of serving three difference clients group with wisdom (Ray, 1998).I also wanted to demonstrate recognition of the needs for Helen, Damian and George, and believe that they should be regarded as valued human beings who deserve the best care. Kumar and Hutton (1998) states that the responsibility of the theatre personnel lies in maintaining the safety comfort and welfare of the patient from the time he arrives in the theatre until the time he departs. In theatre environment one of my role was to act as Helen, Damian and George advocate through their journey thus ensuring that their dignity and rights was in the forefront of preoperative care (Wicker and ONeil 2006). Damian, George and Helen were of different age and had different surgery, according to their needs, their right to dignity, privacy and respect remained the same and the high standard of care delivered reflected that. In this situation George and other clients group privacy and dignity perioperative always been maintained and a warm blanket has be used to cover the child and other clients group until surgery commences (Woodhead et al. 2005). As a student ODP, I was responsible for the delivery of high standard of care for three different clients groups. The Health Professions Council (2008) states that registered practitioners must be able to work, where appropriate, in partnership with other professionals, support staff, client users and their relatives and carers. Whilst Helen was on the table I checked consent, wrist band and surgical side with the scrub practitioner, the surgeon and the rest of the team to ensure that right patient is presented for the correct procedure that all details and information are available, and that preoperative preparation is complete (Torrance and Serginson 1999). An agreed preoperative WHO checklist has been done by one of my colleagues to introduced ourselves and discuss our client so that we have a shared understanding of the patient condition and the operative challenge (or that it may be a straightforward procedure with no anticipated problems) (Wilson and Walker 2009). Evidence based practice has become an important part of the quality required within the peri-operative environment. All theatre practitioners are required to keep their professional practice up to date and there is also an increasing expectation for the practitioner to develop research based practice and to keep informed with regards to relevant research findings (Hind and Wicker 2000).The knowledge and skills were very important aspects for effective working relationship in the theatre to maintain safety environment individually for each of the discussed group. Health professionals should strive to ensure quality and safety for those in our care (RCN, 2003). For Helen and Damian I ensured the temperature was 22C and made sure that the warming device (Bear hugger) was placed over the top of their body to maintain and monitor their body temperature. Because of the potential morbidity associated with hypothermia and hyperthermia, it is important to monitor body temperature and to institute measures to maintain temperature as close to normal as possible (Townsend et al. 2004). However carried for George, I adjusted room temperature to 25C and warming device was also applied. Children have a higher surface area to body weight ratio compared with adults, and so they lose heat more rapidly. Neonates and preterm babies are particularly susceptible to hypothermia (Bingham et al. 2008). Torrance and Serginson (1999) state that the theatre practitioner needs to be aware of and monitor safety with regard to: safety transfer and positioning of the patient, pressure relief, skin preparation, asepsis, diathermy, swabs, needles and instruments. Transfer of and positioning Helen, Damian and George for the orthopedic surgery onto the operating table was carried out by the theatre team with extreme care and with regard for any previous injuries or limitations of joint movement (Torrance Serginson 1999). We were aware about the implications of inadequate movement in the above clients. Injuries can range from transient aches and pains and minor skin abrasions to paralysis and even loss of life (Beckett, 2010).Pressure reliving gels was provided to protected Helen and others clients aligned with pressure ulcers caused by long-term procedures. Unrelieved pressure on a specific area of the body will affect the blood supply to the skin and underlying tissues causing that area to become damaged (Hampton and Collins 2004). Equipment was selected appropriate to the age and individual requirements of each client. George compared with others groups of client required appropriately sized equipment which was used of all times, e.g.: diathermy plates, arm boards, specific pediatric table attachments for positioning (Woodhead et al. 2005). I made sure that sterile field consisting the scrub team, trolleys and the draped patient was maintained. Packets were opened and sterile items passed to the scrub practitioner in a manner that did not compromise the sterile field. As I was circulating I noticed that asepsis (or aseptic technique) was important and it involved all the practical measures taken to avoid ingress microbes to a susceptible site (such as instrumentation, theatre ventilation, and non touch technique), or to kill or remove them from that site (such as skin antisepsis and wound cleansing) (Quick and Thomas 2000). Aseptic technique was used during all invasive procedures for Helen, Damian and George in preventing surgical site infection from microbial contamination. During all groups of client operations the scrub practitioner used non-touch technique by passing sharp instruments such as blades or sutures on receiver so that the operating surgeon may lift them as opposed to passing by hand (Pirie, 2010). Instruments were placed in the neutral zone by the scrub person and then picked up by the surgeon or the assistant, and vice versa (Gruendemann and Magnum 2001). Once Helens operation was completed, I handed the necessary wound dressings to the scrub nurse. This also forms a part of the circulating role. It is therefore important that the scrub person or surgeon ensures that the correct dressings were requested to optimise wound healing. Bentley (2004) suggests that effective wound management and use of appropriate dressings should be based on an understanding of the healing process. Wound healing consists of four phases that overlap; these are inflammatory, destructive, proliferation and maturation (Nazarko, 2002). The steps in the wound repair process include inflammation around the site of injury, angiogenesis and the development of granulation tissue, repair of the connective tissue and epithelium and ultimately remodelling that leads to a healed wound (Gunnewitch and Dunford 2004). The roles of surgical dressings are primarily to stem bleeding, absorb exudates and provide mechanical and bacterial protection for the newly formed tissues (Aindow and Butcher 2005). As Dealey (1994) highlights, the surgeon is responsible for inflicting the wound, although the bulk of the responsibility for ensuring that the wound heals without complications falls with the nurse. Lay-Flurrie (2004) urges that theatre practitioner should have a good knowledge of the dressing properties characteristics and an idea of what is to be achieved. The use of an inappropriate dressing may result in damage to the friable and delicate tissue underneath (Lay-Flurrie, 2004). During this surgery I also learnt that the needs of each individual clients wound at any particular time after the surgery need to be prioritized as it may differ while it progresses through the healing process. The hospital where I was on placement used two main types of dressings for postoperative wound management, these fall under the following categories, fabrics and films. (Aindow and Butcher 2005).The wound dressing used for Helens right shoulder arthroscopy was Mepore (fabric) for a dry small incision compared with Damians total hip replacement; the surgeon used Opsite (film) for larger incision. Mepore incorporates pads to absorb the exudates produced by newly formed wounds. However while they form an effective barrier when dry, they can facilitate bacterial ingress when wet (Aindow and Butcher 2005).Opsite provides a barrier which prevents the contamination of the wound with extrinsic bacteria, including MRSA. As the wound is visible, dressing removal is unnecessary to inspe ct the wound. This further minimizes trauma and the risk of accidental wound contamination (Aindow and Butcher 2005). Ennis and Meneses (2000) state that, many chronic wounds such as pressure ulcers, take months and sometimes years to heal, becoming stuck in the inflammatory and proliferate phase of wound healing. Additional measures to reduce the risk of infection should be taken; these include avoiding unnecessary exposure of the joint implant for Damians surgery. Therefore it should not be removed from packaging until required. Extensive handling of the implant should be avoided (Eppley, 1999, citied by Radford et al.2004). DOH (2003) state that, wound care has a large impact on the total drug budget and it is important that limited resources are used wisely and effectively. The primary purpose of wound cleansing is to remove organic and inorganic debris before the application of a wound dressing, thus maintaining an optimum environment at the wound site of healing (Morrison and Wilkie 2004).Blunt (2001) agrees that wounds should be cleaned to remove foreign bodies, such as debris, excess exudates, necrotic tissue or slough all of which could become a focus for infection. NOW WHAT While working as a member of the multidisciplinary team, the importance and value of teamwork has become apparent to me throughout my training and I have learnt how good communication, skills and working together ensures effective patient care for the three different client groups undergoing surgery. I have been able to establish and maintain a safe working place by improved confidence which has led to an improvement in my competence. I believe that I have become a valued member of the theatre team by anticipated with the scrub team by passing appropriate instruments, sutures and wounds dressing to protected Helen and other clients from the infection and covered to maintain them dignity. It also demonstrated my ability to explore and critically analyze own responsibilities in the following area identify measures to protect and support wounds to provide optimum conditions for healing. The experience described enabled me to reflect deeper on my ability to support different groups of patients and as a result my commitment to achieve the best patient outcome. References: 1. Aindow, D.Butcher M. (2005) Tissue vability supplement. The British Journal of Nursing, 14 (19), p. 2. Beckett,A,E.(2010)Are we doing enough to prevent patient injury caused by positioning for surgery?[Online].Available at: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0748/is_1_20/ai_n48711688 [Accessed: 11 March 2010]. 3. Bingham, R. Lloyd-Thomas, A. Sury, M. (2008) Hatch Sumners Textbook of paediatric anaesthesia. 3rd Edition .Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. Blunt J. (2001) Wound cleansing :Ritualistic or research-based practise ? Nursing Standard, 16 (1), p.33-36. 5. Department Of Health (2003).Supplementary prescribing by nurses and pharmacists within the NHS in England. [Online]. Available at: http://www.doh.gov.uk [Accessed: 19 February 2010]. 6. Driscoll, J. (2000) Practising clinical supervision. Edinburgh: Balliere Tindall 7. Ennis, W. Meneses, P. (2000)Wound healing at the local level: The stunned wound. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10732639 [Accessed: 18 February 2010]. 8. Gruendemann, B. Mangum, S. (2001) Infection prevention in surgical settings. Philadelphia: W.B Saunders. 9. Gunnewicht, B. and Dunford, C.  (2004)  Fundamental aspects of tissue viability nursing. Wiltshire:HA Healthcare. 10. Health Professions Council (2008) Operating Department Practitioners. Standards of proficiency. London: HPC. 11. Health Professions Council (2008) Standards of conduct ,performance and ethics.[Online].Available at: http://docs.google.com/www.hpc-uk.org/assets/documents/July2008.pdf+Standards+Of+Conduct+,Performance+and+Ethics.[Accessed:01 March 2010]. 12. Hind, M., Wicker, P. (2000) Principles of perioperative practice. London: Churchill Livingstone. 13. Lay-Flurrie (2004)Wound management to encourage granulation and epithelialisation. Professional Nurse, 19 (11), p.26-28. 15. Meltzer, B. (2001) A guide to patient positioning. [Online]. Available at: 16. Morison, L, G. Wilkie, O, K. (2004) Chronic wound care:a problem-based learning approach.London: Mosby. 17. Nazarko, L. (2002) Nursing in care homes. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science. 18. Pirie, S. (2010) Introduction to instruments. [Online].Available at: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0748/is_1_20/ai_n48711689/. [Accessed: 1 march 2010]. 19. Quick, C.Thomas, P. (2000) Principles of Surgical Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 20. Radford, M. County,B. Oakley, M. (2004) Advancing Perioperative Practice. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd. 21. Ray, M, D. (1998) Shared borders: achieving the goals of interdisciplinary patient care. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, vol. 55, issue 13, p.1369-1374 AJHP [Online].Available at: http://www.ajhp.org/cgi/content/abstract /55/13/1369 [Accessed: 6 March 2010] 22. Royal College of Nursing (2003) Clinical Governance:an RCN resource quide.London:RCN. 23. Scott, E.Earl, C.Leaper, D.Massey, M.Mewburn, J.Williams, N (1999) Understanding perioperative nursing. Nursing Standard, 13(49), p.49-54. 24. Torrance, C .Serginson, E. (1999) Surgical Nursing.12th Edition. London: Harcourt Brace and Company Limited. 25. Townsend, M, D. Beauchamp, D .Evers, M. Mattox, K. (2004) Sabiston textbook of surgery.the biological basis of modern surgical practice.17th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders 2004. 26. Wicker, P. ONeil, J. (2006) Caring for the perioperative patient. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 27. Wilson, I. Walker, I. (2009) The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist: the evidence. The Association for Perioperative Practice,19 (10), p.362-364. APPENDIX 1 WHAT During my placement in the orthopaedic theatre, I took the role of the circulating person for the first operation on the list that day. Helen (pseudonym) was 35 years old woman, and was having right shoulder arthroscopic surgery. Before Helen arrived in the theatre, I took great care to ensure the operating room had been cleaned and had all the equipment and instrumentation for the procedure available. I adjusted the temperature in the theatre to 22 c and humidity between 40-50% .Next I helped the scrub nurse with gowning and gloving. I followed aseptic technique and opened relevant sterile packs, pouring lotions and I did the first swab, instrument and needle count with the scrub person so it was recorded on the board. When Helen arrived into the operating room on a trolley, I made sure there were enough members of staff to safely transfer the patient from the trolley onto the operating table using a pat slide ensuring that the patients dignity was maintained. The anaesthetist took responsibility for the patients head, neck and airway, and co-ordinated the team as the patient was turned. Helen was placed in the left lateral position with her arm placed in traction for better access to the shoulder joint. Before the transfer I ensured that the doors were closed and patient was not exposed unnecessarily and during the positioning of Helen my role included a final check, to make sure that patient was appropriately covered and ensured pressure reliving gels were placed under her left shoulder, buttock and heel. Whilst Helen was being transferred from the trolley onto the operating table adequate padding was provided and body alignment was maintained. She was secured with a strap and the lower arm adjacent to the head. I checked the patient consent, patients wrist band and surgical side with the scrub practitioner the surgeon and the rest of the team. The WHO checklist was read out loudly by one of my colleagues to identify any problems and concerns from anaesthetic and surgical side (blood loss, ASA grade).Additionally, a pneumatic compression system (flowtron boots) was employed prophylactically against deep vein thrombosis, the diathermy plate electrode was attached and bear hugger a patient warming device was positioned. When draping was completed I adjusted the light and assisted with connecting the monitoring equipment, and positioning the diathermy machine and suction tubing around the operating table so that they did not compromise the sterile field .I ensured that electrical cables were secured. I completed the patient care plan, and filled out the pathology form for the specimen ensuring that the form bore the patients label containing details of the patients name, address, date of birth, NHS number and patient number. During the surgery I anticipated the needs of the surgical team, especially carrying out the instructions given by the scrub person. I counted needles, blades, and instruments and compared the count with the board.One of the theatre practitioners measured and informed the surgeon and anaesthetist about blood and fluid loss recording it on the board. Under the direction of the scrub practitioners I collected the specimens into the specimen containers, labelled with the patients label which included the name of the specimen which was confirmed with the surgeon. I did the final count of the swabs, needles and blades and instruments then handed the surgeon the necessary wound dressing. Once the wound was appropriately dressed all team helped to remove the patient drapes and transfer her to the supine (position lying on the back) on the trolley. Using a blanket I covered the patient. I signed the operations register with the scrub practitioner at the end of the operation. When Helen had gone to the recovery, I started to clean and prepare the theatre for the next case.

In the 1930’s John Steinbeck wrote the novel Of Men and Mice. He wrote :: Free Essay Writer

In the 1930’s John Steinbeck wrote the novel Of Men and Mice. He wrote the book in the middle of the great American depression. During this great time of loss over 15 million people lost there jobs. OF MEN AND MICE In the 1930’s John Steinbeck wrote the novel â€Å"Of Men and Mice†. He wrote the book in the middle of the great American depression. During this great time of loss over 15 million people lost there jobs and were made redundant. All these people were left to find whatever work they could, all with no income or government support such as benefits or social security. The health service was no longer on a work plan so people were suffering in their masses because they could not afford to pay the service costs. California at that time was quite a rich state so many flocked there to find work. â€Å"Of Men and Mice† is set in Salinas in California. Salinas is on the coast of California and is quite a fruitful county and a lot of people will have gone to work on the ranches there like Lennie and George. John Steinbeck wrote â€Å"Of Men and Mice† in a socialistic point of view to capture what was going on in these times. He captured what was going on around him and turned it into a novel of two men doing exactly what millions of others were doing at that time going from place to place, ranch to ranch. This is how millions lived for many years to come. John Steinbeck felt that the government had let the public down buy not supporting them in their time of need. Lennie is described as â€Å"a huge man, shapeless of face with large pale eyes.† Just from this you can tell that he is abnormally big for these times. However George is described as â€Å"small, quick and dark of face with restless eyes and sharp, strong features.† This tells us that the man is smaller and skinnier than Lennie with more defined features. Lennie is said to be big and clumsy, so big even he is described as a bear â€Å"dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags its paws.† Steinbeck then refers him to again â€Å"Lennie dabbled his big paw in the water†¦.† This then emphasise just how big he is being compared to a bear again. But whilst being like a bear he is also like a child â€Å"I forgot, Lennie said softly, I tried not to forget, honest I did George.† This makes Lennie sound like a child not only because of the language

Eaarth

Kleenex claims â€Å"when we eat from the Industrial food system, we are eating 011 and spewing greenhouse gases. † Explain what he means by this. What is the alternative? It takes ten calories of fossil energy to produce a single calorie of modern supermarket food, and when we try to address one problem, the other gets worse which is why starvation is on the rise on the rise that the United States now uses a huge chunk of its topsoil to grow gasoline, and not food.We need to produce lots of food on relatively small farms with little or nothing in the way of synthetic fertilizer or chemicals. 2. How did Britain increase food production during World War II by 91%? Why is this story included in the chapter? What evidence does he present that such a change could happen in American suburbs? Pig clubs and Small gardens or allotments sprung up throughout the country to support themselves. To show that our farmers need better time and space management to Improve their growth rate and spending.Small farms are capable of getting far more productive with each passing season, because they can take advantage of en information, new science, new technologies. 3. Compare modern mechanized monoculture to smaller scale polluter. Explain why polluter will be more sustainable as the climate continues to change. Monoculture is mainly used in industrialized agriculture with many inputs of fossil fuels and chemicals to produce large amounts of a single crop.Polluter is often locally based, and may be found in a subsistence agriculture reactive that uses human and animal energy to produce smaller amounts of many different crops. Polluter and working with nature can provide many and more sustainable solutions to our current challenges, and that In diversifying the food economy we will be much more resilient to future shocks. In doing so we can also reduce our collective agricultural carbon footprint. 4. Imagine yourself Ralston some of your own food at your own or in your neigh borhood. Besides food, what two benefits might you also get?If you participated in a community garden with your neighbors, what two additional benefits might everyone experience? Beautiful scenery, good exercise from working in the garden, satisfaction of growing your own food. The fellowship and mentoring opportunities to learn from. 5. How would a CASE (Community Supported Energy) system differ from our current system of electricity production and why might it be less vulnerable? CASE is a way of fostering more local control of essential energy supplies. It puts energy decisions back into the communities hands.Our electricity production is a owned electric company, but companies Like TACO are Investor companies. 6. Consider Muckiness's explanation of how Middlebury and Burlington provide their power locally. What local sources of energy would you recommend for Wasted and Houston? Besides creating less pollution, how might your plan increase our sustainability? Solar power is alway s a technique because wind is always available. They could use natural gas burning power plants other than coal power plants because the gas burning produces a lot less pollution.Electricity companies are starting to use the Carbon Catcher. The clean coal (Carbon Catcher) captures the carbon pollution (chemically) and then they store the carbon that they collect. This process is called sequestered. 7. What do the internet and a farmer's market have in common, and why will the internet be important as we continue to deal with climate change? The way that a farmers market is distributed food production or a solar panel is distributed power, but because of the connecting power of the Web. It added up to more than the sum of its parts.

The contender essays

The contender essays I. In the beginning of the book Alfred was already a drop out of high school and working for Jewish people at a grocery store. He faced some problems with Major because he did not want to go rob the grocery store on Friday night. Major and his click beat him up for that. In the middle of the book Alfred becomes a boxer and his Aunt Pearl does not want him to box because it is dangerous. But Aunt Pearl goes and talks to the reverend about Alfred boxing. The reverend says that she should just let him be that he will grow out of this stage he is going through. Another one is when his friend James became a drug addict and comes to him looking for money to buy drugs. I the end of the book Donatelli do not want Alfred to continue boxing. He said that he does not have the guts to knock someone out. But almost everyone wants him to continue boxing because he has talent. On his third and final boxing match he tries to show Mr. Donatelli that he has the skill to become a contender. II. Alfred was the main character of the book; He went through a lot of stuff throughout the book. His best friend goes to jail and when he gets out he turns into a drug addict. But he is determined to turn him straight. Just like he is determined to be a contender. Mr. Donatelli is a boxing coach that owns his own gym. He is more dedicated to boxing than most people. For instance when Willie Streeter was boxing one time and losing he stopped the match so he would not get hurt. III. The book was definitely first person narrator because it was always Alfred this and Alfred that. I dont think one time the narrator said I. Robert Lipstyle named the book the Contender because Alfred Brooks wanted to be a contender. IV. I think there is some situational irony when Alfred first fought those two boxers. You would think that he would not lose the third match. But in the end he lost really badly to Huddard. I always h ...